Risk Factors and Types of Congenital Anomalies among Newborn Admitted to NICU in Children Welfare Teaching Hospital / Baghdad City 2019

Abstract

Background: A congenital anomaly defined as any abnormality of physical structure found at birth or during the first few weeks of life, Structural anomalies are considered to be major when are visible to inspection, the rest of them are considered occult.

Objective: To assess the common associated risk factors of congenital anomalies, and to study the types of congenital anomalies among neonates admitted to the tertiary care unit.

Patients and methods: A case control study was carried out in Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Medical city complex during four months from 2nd of January to 30th of April 2019; collect certain data from 500 cases admitted to the NICU. Analysis of data was carried out using the available statistical package of SPSS-25.     

Results: The most common congenital anomalies is in the C.V.S which was on the top of the list (70.67%), followed by anomalies of the C.N.S. (31.33%), and anomalies of the G.I.T. (16%). C.As are more common among full term neonates (72.7%).The most common maternal associated risk factor are consanguineous marriage (p value=0.0001), mothers`age (>35) years old (p value=0.001), gravida four and above (p value=0.001).

Conclusions: congenital anomalies are more common among full term neonates, with the same occurrence in both genders. The commonest associated maternal factors are mothers` age (>35), multigravida, consanguineous marriage. Polyhydramnios is an associated factor with congenital anomalies. TORCH infection especially CMV carry a risk for congenital anomalies.