Association between Maternal Age, Ovarian Reserve and Outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Technology

Abstract

Background: Maternal age and ovarian reserve are critical factors influencing the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Understanding their effects can inform clinical practices and improve patient counseling.
Objective This study aims to evaluate the influence of maternal age and ovarian reserve on ART outcomes, including implantation rates, clinical pregnancy rates, and live birth rates.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 500 ART cycles performed between 2018 and 2022. Maternal age was categorized into three groups: <35, 35-39, and ≥40 years. Ovarian reserve was assessed using serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and antral follicle count (AFC). Outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression models to identify associations with age and ovarian reserve. 
Results:  Younger maternal age (<35 years) was associated with higher clinical pregnancy rates (55% vs. 40% in 35-39 years and 25% in ≥40 years, p < 0.01). Higher AMH levels and AFC were positively correlated with implantation and live birth rates. Specifically, women with high ovarian reserve (AMH > 1.5 ng/mL) had a significantly higher live birth rate compared to those with low reserve (AMH < 1.0 ng/mL) (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Maternal age and ovarian reserve significantly influence ART outcomes. Younger age and higher ovarian reserve are associated with better clinical outcomes, underscoring the importance of assessing these factors in ART counseling and treatment strategies.