Morpho-Functional Assessment of the Duodenum in Individuals with Functional Dyspepsia

Abstract

Original Article

OJPS, 2025; Volume 6  (4): 1-10

The problem of functional dyspepsia is currently becoming increasingly important due to the increasing frequency of functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Its prevalence among the population ranges from 5% to 65%. Dyspepsia is an important social problem, because it is observed mainly in young people and leads to a significant decrease in the quality of life and ability to work of such patients. Currently, many issues related to the etiology, pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia (in particular, the role of inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, impaired motility and secretion of the stomach and their significance for the state of the duodenum) remain poorly understood. It has been established that Helicobacter pylori causes chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Colonizing the mucous membrane of the antrum of the stomach, H. Pylori contributes to an increase in the level of gastrin and a decrease in the production of somatostatin, which results in an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin. In turn, hydrochloric acid entering the lumen of the duodenum causes gastric metaplasia of the duodenal mucosa with its subsequent colonization by H. pylori. The question of how pH fluctuations in the duodenum and the acid-forming function of the stomach affect the development and nature of clinical manifestations of functional dyspepsia remains open.